Growing arugula: Fresh greens from your home garden

Many people are now choosing to grow their own food at home. This not only provides fresh and healthy vegetables but also helps the environment, reduces grocery expenses, and ensures that no harmful chemicals are used. Arugula, also called rocket, is one of the easiest plants to grow at home. This leafy green has a slightly spicy taste that is good for salads, sandwiches, and pizzas.

Besides its great flavor, arugula is also very nutritious. It is rich in vitamins A, C, and K and antioxidants that support good health. Another advantage of growing arugula is that it grows very quickly. It is ready to harvest in just three weeks, making it perfect for gardeners who want fast results.

Growcycle helps people grow arugula by providing useful gardening tools and a learning platform. It offers step-by-step guides on how to plant and care for arugula. This marketplace also sends reminders for important tasks like watering, fertilizing, and harvesting, which is especially helpful for quickly growing plants like arugula.

Botanical Description

Arugula (Eruca vesicaria) is a fast-growing, cool-season annual herb. Its leafy greens are commonly used in salads, sandwiches, and other culinary dishes due to their peppery flavor.

• Size and Growth Habit: Arugula typically grows to a height of about 12 to 24 inches (30 to 60 cm). It has a spreading, bushy growth habit and develops a rosette of leaves at its base. The plant can be harvested as baby greens or allowed to grow to full maturity, at which point it will produce flowers.
• Leaves: The leaves are lobed, dark green, and have a sharp, peppery flavor. They can range from narrow and long to broad and jagged, depending on the variety. The texture is usually soft and somewhat tender, though it can become tougher as the plant matures.
• Flowers: Arugula produces small, four-petaled flowers that are typically white but can also have a slight yellow or pinkish tint. They appear on tall stems and are clustered in racemes (elongated clusters). The flowers are edible and have a mild, mustard-like taste.
• Fruit and Seeds: After flowering, the plant produces elongated seed pods that contain small, round, brownish seeds. These seeds are typically used for planting future crops of arugula.
• Roots: Arugula has a fibrous root system that does not go very deep. This makes it well-suited to shallow garden beds, containers, or even small soil plots.
• Ecological Role: Arugula is a member of the mustard family and is related to other cruciferous vegetables like cabbage, kale, and broccoli. It is often grown in gardens for its edible leaves but can also serve as a natural green cover crop to improve soil health.

Types of Arugula

Arugula plants have several varieties, each offering distinct flavors, textures, and growing characteristics. Here are the two main types of arugula and their characteristics:

Key Factors to Choose the Right Growing Conditions

Arugula is a cool-season crop that thrives under specific conditions, making it essential for gardeners to understand the best environment for growing it successfully. Here are the key factors to consider when choosing the right growing conditions for arugula:

Best Climate for Arugula

Arugula grows best in cool temperatures, making it a perfect choice for spring and fall gardening. Its ideal temperature range is between 50°F and 70°F (10°C to 21°C). During these cooler months, arugula grows rapidly, producing tender, flavorful leaves.

• Arugula does not thrive in hot summer temperatures. Heat can cause it to bolt (go to seed) quickly, resulting in a bitter flavor.
• It can be planted as early as spring or during the fall when temperatures are cooler. In some regions with mild winters, arugula can also be grown throughout the winter months.
• Early spring and fall offer the best growing windows, where arugula can thrive without extreme heat stress.

Soil Requirements

Arugula requires well-draining, fertile soil to support healthy growth and development. The soil needs to retain moisture without becoming soggy, as this can lead to root rot.

• Arugula grows best in loamy or sandy loam soil, which is rich in organic matter and provides good drainage. If the soil is heavy and clay-like, consider amending it with compost or other organic materials to improve drainage.
• The ideal soil pH for arugula is between 6.0 and 7.0, which is considered neutral to slightly alkaline. If the soil is too acidic, growers can raise the pH by adding lime.
• Arugula thrives in nutrient-rich soil amended with compost or well-rotted manure. These organic additions improve soil structure, retain moisture, and provide the nutrients needed for healthy plant growth.

Sunlight Needs

Arugula generally requires full sun for the best growth. Ideally, it should receive at least 6 hours of direct sunlight each day to encourage healthy, fast-growing plants. However, it is somewhat tolerant of partial shade, especially in hotter climates.

Planting Arugula at Home

The first step to successful arugula cultivation is selecting high-quality seeds. There are two main types of arugula seeds to consider:

• Heirloom Varieties: These are traditional varieties that have been passed down through generations. Heirloom arugula typically offers a stronger, more intense peppery flavor. Seeds are often open-pollinated, as they can be saved and replanted year after year.
• Hybrid Varieties: Hybrid arugula seeds result from crossbreeding different varieties to create plants with desirable traits, such as disease resistance or faster growth. While hybrids may lack the full flavor of heirlooms, they often provide higher yields and better uniformity in growth.

Planting Methods

Depending on the growing conditions, arugula can be grown using either direct seeding or transplanting.

• Direct Seeding: Because arugula seeds are small, they should be planted directly in the soil. Simply scatter the seeds in rows and cover them with a thin layer of soil (about ¼ inches deep). Gently water the soil to help the seeds settle.
• Transplanting: Arugula can also be transplanted once the seedlings have a few true leaves. Plant seeds in small pots or trays about ½ inches deep in a seed-starting mix. Gradually harden the transplants by exposing them to outdoor conditions before planting them in their final location.

Row Spacing and Depth

When planting arugula, it is important to maintain the right spacing to allow the plants to grow properly.

• Space rows of arugula about 6 to 12 inches (15 to 30 cm) apart. This will give the plants enough room to grow without crowding and ensure they receive adequate airflow and sunlight.
• Arugula seeds should be planted at a depth of about ¼ inch (0.6 cm). Since they are small, it is crucial not to plant them too deeply, as they may struggle to break through the soil.
• Once seedlings appear, thin them to ensure they have enough space to grow. Leave about 4 to 6 inches (10 to 15 cm) between plants for optimal growth.

Container Gardening

Growing arugula in containers is an excellent option for those with limited space or those living in urban areas. This plant doesn’t need a deep container to thrive, but it should be at least 6 to 8 inches deep to allow for proper root development.

Choose containers that are wide enough to hold several plants, as arugula can spread out. A 12-inch wide container can have several plants, making it a great option for small spaces like balconies or patios.

To provide nutrients, use a well-draining potting mix combined with organic matter such as compost. The soil must retain moisture but not become soggy, as this can lead to root rot. Adding perlite or sand to the mix can help improve drainage.

Container grown arugula needs regular watering, especially during hot weather, as containers tend to dry out faster than garden beds. Place the container in a sunny location to ensure good growth, though some afternoon shade in warmer regions can prevent the plant from bolting.

Caring for Arugula Plants

Arugula is a relatively low-maintenance plant, but it thrives with proper care like all crops. Understanding its watering, fertilization, and pest and disease management needs will ensure healthy, high-yielding plants.

1. Watering Needs

Arugula prefers even moisture throughout its growing cycle. The soil should be kept moist but not soggy, so water the plants regularly, especially during dry spells. Arugula typically needs about 1 inch (2.5 cm) of water per week. It is best to water the soil deeply rather than giving light, frequent waterings, as deep watering encourages strong root development.

While arugula needs moisture, it’s crucial not to overwater it, as this can cause root rot and lead to fungal diseases. Ensure the soil has good drainage to allow excess water to escape and prevent waterlogging.

2. Fertilization

Organic fertilizers are preferable for arugula because they improve soil structure and provide slow-release nutrients. Options include compost, well-rotted manure, or organic liquid fertilizers such as fish emulsion or seaweed extracts.

Synthetic fertilizers can provide a quicker nutrient boost but may not improve long-term soil health. Overuse can also result in nutrient imbalances or toxic chemical buildup in the soil.

Arugula plants benefit from an initial dose of fertilizer at planting, especially if the soil is poor in nutrients. Afterward, side-dress the plants with additional fertilizer when they begin to show signs of growth or if the leaves seem yellow or weak.

Pests Management

Arugula can attract several pests and may be susceptible to diseases if not properly cared for. However, many of these problems can be prevented or controlled with proactive management.

• Aphids: These small, soft-bodied insects suck the sap from arugula leaves, causing yellowing and stunted growth.
• Flea Beetles: These small, jumping insects chew small holes in arugula leaves, leaving a “shotgun” appearance of tiny holes.
• Caterpillars (e.g., Cabbage Worms): These pests eat the arugula leaves, leaving them riddled with holes.

Neem oil is a natural pesticide that works against various pests, including aphids and caterpillars. It disrupts the feeding and breeding cycles of insects, reducing their population. Apply neem oil in the early morning or late afternoon to avoid burning the leaves in direct sunlight.

Insecticidal soaps made from natural ingredients can be effective against aphids and caterpillars. These soaps work by suffocating pests without harming the plants or beneficial insects.

How to Harvest Arugula

Arugula can be harvested at different stages depending on preferences for flavor and texture. The best time to harvest it is early in the morning when the leaves are crisp and full of moisture. Harvesting in the morning, after the dew has dried, helps preserve the freshness of the leaves.

Baby Leaves vs. Mature Leaves

Baby arugula leaves are typically harvested when they are 2 to 3 inches (5 to 7 cm) long. Their mild, tender flavor is perfect for fresh salads and garnishes. They are typically ready to harvest about 3 to 4 weeks after sowing.

Mature leaves are larger and more robust in flavor, with a more pungent peppery bite. Mature leaves are ready for harvest after 6 to 8 weeks of growth. Growers can allow some of the plants to grow larger while harvesting baby leaves from others for a continuous supply.

Harvesting Techniques

There are two common harvesting methods for arugula:

1. Cut and Come Again Method

The cut and come again method is ideal for maintaining a continuous harvest of baby arugula leaves. Simply cut the outer leaves of the plant about 1 to 2 inches above the soil level, leaving the inner leaves and crown intact.

This allows the plant to continue growing, and new leaves will sprout from the center. As long as the plant remains healthy, this method allows people to harvest several times throughout the growing season. Always use clean, sharp scissors or garden shears to prevent damaging the plant or spreading disease.

2. Full Harvest for Replanting

If homeowners prefer to harvest all of the arugula at once, they can pull up the entire plant by cutting it at the base. This method is typically used when the plant has matured and is ready for a complete harvest. After harvesting, replanting to keep a steady supply of arugula is a good idea. Growers can sow new seeds every few weeks to ensure they always have fresh greens.

Using Arugula in the Kitchen

Arugula’s peppery flavor and nutrient rich profile make it a versatile ingredient that can improve the taste of many dishes. Here are some creative ways to incorporate homegrown arugula into the meals:

Fresh Salads and Garnishes

• Toss arugula with olive oil, lemon juice, salt, and pepper for a simple salad.
• Combine arugula with fruits (e.g., pears, strawberries) and nuts (e.g., pecans, almonds).
• Use arugula as a garnish for pizza, pasta, or soups.

Pizzas and Flatbreads

• Top pizza with fresh arugula after baking for a peppery contrast.
• Add arugula to flatbreads with feta cheese, olives, and roasted vegetables.

Pesto and Sauces

• Blend arugula, garlic, pine nuts, parmesan, and olive oil to make pesto.
• Combine arugula, cream, and garlic for a creamy sauce for pasta or grilled meats.

Sandwiches and Wraps

• Add arugula to sandwiches with meats like turkey, ham, or roast beef.
• Include arugula in wraps with grilled vegetables, hummus, and feta cheese.

Soups and Stews

• Add arugula to soups and stews in the last few minutes of cooking.
• Garnish soups like tomato or potato soup with fresh arugula.

Sautéed or Stir-fried Dishes

• Sauté arugula with garlic and olive oil for a simple side dish.
• Add arugula to stir-fries for added texture and color towards the end of cooking.

FAQs

Does arugula regrow after cutting?

Yes, arugula can regrow after being cut using the "cut and come again" method. Leave about one inch of the plant above the soil, and it will grow back.

Does arugula like sun or shade?

Arugula prefers full sun but can tolerate partial shade, especially in warmer climates.

How long does it take arugula to grow?

Arugula grows quickly, and you can harvest it in about 3-4 weeks from planting, depending on the variety and growing conditions.

The Bottom Line

Arugula is full of nutrients and can be used in many dishes, making it a great choice for those who want fresh, healthy greens. It grows well in cool weather and well-drained soil and doesn’t need much care. With the right conditions, it provides a steady supply of flavorful leaves, whether planted in a garden or containers. Explore Growcycle to get the best gardening equipment for healthy Arugula plant growth.

Disclaimer: This material is for informational purposes only and should not be relied on for legal, medical, financial, or any other form of professional advice.

About the Author

Victor Miller

Environmental Journalist Focused on Sustainable Agriculture

Victor Miller is an environmental journalist at Growcycle, specializing in sustainable agriculture. With a passion for storytelling, he highlights the latest trends, innovations, and practices that promote ecological balance and responsible farming.