How to grow squash: A guide to summer and winter varieties

Home gardening is a good hobby, but it often comes with challenges. Many gardeners find it hard to grow certain vegetables because of specific needs like soil type, climate, or care. For example, tomatoes can be affected by blight, leafy greens often attract pests and root vegetables need deep, loose soil, which can be difficult to create in small spaces. These problems can frustrate gardening, especially for beginners or those with limited time.

Squash provides an excellent solution. It is one of the most adaptable and productive crops, making it a great choice for home gardens. There are two main types of squash: summer squash, which is picked when it is young and tender, and winter squash, which matures into a hearty vegetable that can be stored and used in dishes like soups and stews.

Growcycle provides helpful gardening tools and techniques to grow squash plants easily in home gardening. This blog highlights the differences between summer and winter squash and how to care for each.

Understanding Squash Varieties

Squash is a valuable and healthy plant belonging to the Cucurbitaceae family, including cucumbers, melons, and pumpkins. These plants produce fruits that grow on vines or bush-like plants. Squash is thought to have originated in the Americas and has been cultivated for thousands of years for food and medicine.

Summer Squash vs. Winter Squash

Squash can be divided into two main types: summer squash and winter squash. Each type has special qualities that make it better for certain cooking methods and growing conditions.

• Appearance: Summer squash is picked when it is young, so its skin and flesh are soft. It comes in different shapes, such as long, round, and scalloped. Winter squash, on the other hand, is picked when it is fully grown and has a tough rind that protects the flesh inside.
• Taste: Summer squash has a mild, slightly sweet taste and soft texture, perfect for quick cooking. Winter squash has a richer, sweeter taste and denser texture, and it is great for roasting, baking, or pureeing.
• Storage: Summer squash is best eaten fresh and lasts only two weeks in the fridge. Winter squash lasts much longer because its hard rind helps it stay fresh for several months in a cool, dry place.

Squash Varieties

Squash comes in many types and is mainly divided into two categories. Each category has different varieties with unique flavors, textures, and uses.

Botanical Description

Squash plants grow best in warm, sunny areas with well-draining soil. They are usually annuals that live for one growing season before dying.

• Vines or Bushes: Squash can either spread out as vines or grow in a more compact, bushy form. Vining squash grows long, trailing stems, while bush-type squash stays more compact, making it better for smaller gardens.
• Leaves: Squash leaves are large, broad, and often rough in texture. They are usually green, but some squash types may look grayish or silvery. The leaves are deeply lobed and covered in fine hairs that help protect the plant.
• Flowers: Squash plants produce large, bright yellow or orange flowers. The flowers are usually male or female. Male flowers grow on long stems, while female flowers are closer to the main stem and become fruit after pollinating.
• Fruits: Squash fruits are harvested at different times depending on the type. Summer squash is picked when it’s young and has tender skin, while winter squash is left to ripen fully and develop a tough rind. Squash fruits come in many shapes and colors, including yellow, green, orange, and white.
• Roots: Squash plants have deep, spreading roots that help them absorb water and nutrients. Giving the plants enough space for their roots to grow properly is important in a home garden.

How to Choose the Right Squash for the Garden

Choosing the right squash for the garden depends on several factors, including climate, available space, and gardening experience. Here is a guide to help make the best decision:

Climate Conditions

Summer squash thrives in warm, sunny climates with temperatures between 70°F and 85°F (21°C to 29°C). It is a fast-growing plant that does well in regions with a long growing season. Because it does not tolerate frost, it should be planted after the last frost of spring. If your area has mild winters, summer squash can be grown in early spring or late summer for a second harvest.

Winter squash requires a longer growing season and even warmer temperatures, typically between 75°F and 90°F (24°C to 32°C). Unlike summer squash, winter squash is planted later in the season and needs longer to mature. It is best suited to hot summer and cool fall areas, where it can ripen before the first frost.

Space and Growth Requirements

Vining squash (such as zucchini or pumpkins) requires more space to spread out. These varieties can grow long, sprawling vines that need ample room to spread across the ground or up trellises. For vining squash, a garden bed with at least 4 to 6 feet (1.2 to 1.8 meters) of space is recommended between plants to allow for proper growth and airflow.

Bush varieties (certain types of acorn squash) are more compact and grow in a bush-like form. These plants are ideal for smaller gardens, as they need less space, typically around 2 to 3 feet (0.6 to 1 meter) between plants.

Preparation to Plant Squash

Planting squash successfully requires careful preparation. Here are the essential steps to ensure squash plants grow healthy and produce a good yield:

Timing and Seasonal Considerations

Summer squash should be planted in the spring after the last frost. Depending on the location, this usually means planting seeds or seedlings around late April to early May. If the growing season is short, start seeds indoors for the best yield, and then transplant seedlings into the garden after the last frost.

To reach full maturity, winter squash needs a longer growing season, typically 90 to 120 days. It should be given plenty of time to mature and fully ripen before the first fall frost, so it's crucial to plant early enough in the season to allow for this. If the growing season is shorter, consider starting seeds indoors.

Soil Preparation

Squash plants grow best in well-draining, loamy soil rich in organic matter. The soil should be slightly acidic to neutral pH, ideally between 6.0 and 7.5. Because squash plants have deep roots that need space to grow, the soil should be loose and crumbly to allow for root expansion. To prepare the soil, loosen it by digging or tilling and remove any weeds or debris. Adding compost will improve soil structure and provide essential nutrients.

Choosing Seeds or Seedlings

Starting squash seeds from seeds is a cost-effective option that allows gardeners to control their varieties. Squash seeds germinate quickly, and growers can start them indoors for a head start on the growing season.

Transplants give plants a head start, which can be particularly beneficial in shorter growing seasons. Seedlings are easier to manage and reduce the time it takes for squash to mature.

Grow Squash Indoors

Starting squash seeds indoors can give plants an early start, which is helpful in cooler climates or areas with short growing seasons. Here is how to grow squash indoors:

Start Seeds Indoors for an Early Start

• Start squash seeds indoors 2–4 weeks before the last expected frost.
• Use seed trays or small pots with good drainage.
• Fill the pots with seed-starting mix.
• Plant the seeds about 1 inch (2.5 cm) deep in the soil.
• Water gently to moisten the soil.
• For better growth, keep the soil warm (around 70°F or 21°C).
• Place the containers in a sunny spot or under grow lights to help the seedlings grow strong.
• Once the seedlings have at least two sets of leaves, they are ready to be transplanted outdoors.

Transplanting Seedlings into the Garden

• After the last frost and when the soil has warmed up, harden off the seedlings.
• Gradually introduce the seedlings to outdoor conditions by placing them outside for a few hours each day.
• Increase the time outdoors over the course of a week.
• Once they are used to the outdoor conditions, transplant the seedlings into the garden.
• Space them according to whether they are bush or vining varieties.
• Plant them at the same depth as they were in the pots.
• Water them well after transplanting.

Squash Plants Care Guide

Taking care of squash plants involves providing the right conditions for growth, keeping them healthy, and managing pests. Here is a simple guide to help care for squash plants:

1. Watering

Squash plants need consistent moisture, especially during hot, dry periods. Water the plants deeply to encourage deep root growth and keep the soil evenly moist. Water early in the day to prevent fungal diseases and to give the plants time to dry out before evening.

Overwatering can cause root rot and other problems. Ensure the soil drains well and that water doesn't pool around the plant’s base.

2. Fertilizing

Squash plants are heavy feeders, so they need regular fertilizing to grow strong and produce fruit. Use a balanced fertilizer that contains nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, or choose a fertilizer high in phosphorus to encourage flowering and fruiting.

For summer squash, a balanced, all-purpose fertilizer works well. Apply it about 2–3 weeks after planting, then reapply every 4–6 weeks.

For winter squash, a higher potassium and phosphorus content fertilizer can help with fruit production. Apply the fertilizer when the plants begin to vine out and then again during fruit formation.

3. Supporting Vines

Vining squash varieties, such as pumpkins or certain types of zucchini, benefit from support. Installing a trellis allows the vines to grow upward rather than sprawling on the ground. This saves space, helps keep the plants healthy, and makes harvesting easier. Choose a sturdy trellis or fence that can support the weight of the growing squash.

To train the vines, gently tie them to the trellis using soft garden ties. Prune the vines as needed to encourage vertical growth and avoid overcrowding.

4. Pest and Disease Management

• Squash Bugs: These pests suck sap from squash plants, weakening them and spreading diseases. To control them, regularly inspect the undersides of leaves for eggs and nymphs, which can be removed by hand or with a strong stream of water.
• Vine Borers: These pests lay eggs at the base of the plant, and the larvae tunnel into the stems, causing damage. To prevent vine borers, cover the base of the plant with a protective collar made of aluminum foil or plastic.
• Powdery Mildew: This fungal disease appears as white, powdery spots on leaves. To manage it, remove affected leaves and provide adequate spacing between plants to improve airflow.
• Blossom-End Rot: This common issue affects squash when plants do not get enough calcium, often due to inconsistent watering. The fruit develops dark, sunken spots at the blossom end. To prevent blossom-end rot, ensure consistent watering and mulch around the plants to retain moisture.

Harvesting Squash

Harvesting squash at the right time and with care ensures the best flavor and shelf life. Here is how to know when the squash is ready to pick and how to handle it properly:

Summer Squash

• Summer squash is typically harvested when its fruits are young and tender. The squash should be about 6–8 inches long for varieties like zucchini.
• The skin should be smooth and shiny. If the skin dulls or the squash becomes tough, it’s past its prime.
• Harvest summer squash often (every few days) to encourage more growth and prevent them from becoming too large.

Winter Squash

• Winter squash is harvested when the skin has hardened and changed color. For example, a butternut squash will turn a deep orange.
• The vine attached to the squash will start to dry out and turn brown.
• Tap the squash and listen for a hollow sound indicating it’s fully mature.
• Make sure the squash is fully ripe before harvesting, as it won’t continue to ripen off the vine.

Harvesting Techniques

• Use a sharp knife or garden shears to cut the squash from the vine. To help prevent rot, leave about 2–3 inches of stem attached to the squash.
• Avoid pulling or twisting the squash, which can damage the plant or other fruits.
• Be careful not to damage the hard rind for winter squash, as it could affect storage quality.

Tips for Safe Handling and Storage

• Handle squash gently to avoid bruising or damaging the skin.
• After harvesting, wipe off any dirt with a clean cloth. Do not wash squash until you’re ready to use it.
• Store summer squash in the refrigerator and use it within 1–2 weeks.
• When stored properly, winter squash can last several months in a cool, dry place with good ventilation.

Uses of Squash in Daily Life

Squash is a versatile vegetable that can be used in many ways in daily life. Here are some common uses:

• Soups and Stews: Squash, especially winter varieties like butternut and acorn squash, adds a creamy texture and sweet flavor to soups and stews.
• Stir-fries and Sautés: Summer squashes like zucchini are perfect for quick stir-fries or sautéed dishes.
• Roasting: Winter squash, such as butternut and acorn, can be roasted to bring out their natural sweetness.
• Baking: Squash provides moisture and flavor to baked goods like muffins, breads, and cakes.
• Smoothies: Squash, especially cooked and pureed varieties, can be added to smoothies for extra nutrition and a smooth texture.
• Grilling: Sliced squash can be grilled, providing a smoky flavor. Zucchini and yellow squash are particularly popular for grilling.
• Health Benefits: Squash is rich in vitamins A and C, fiber, and antioxidants, contributing to good digestion, skin health and boosting the immune system.
• Canned and Preserved: Squash can be preserved by canning or freezing, allowing it to be used throughout the year in various recipes.
• As a Low-Carb Substitute: Spaghetti squash can be used as a low-carb alternative to pasta by shredding the cooked flesh into strands that resemble spaghetti.

FAQs

Which squash is easiest to grow?

Zucchini (a type of summer squash) is one of the easiest types to grow due to its fast growth and low maintenance.

How long does a squash take to grow?

Depending on the variety, summer squash typically takes 50–60 days to grow, while winter squash can take 80–110 days.

Can you grow a squash plant indoors?

Yes, squash can be grown indoors with enough sunlight, space, and proper care. However, once the weather warms up, it is best to start them indoors and transplant them outside.

The Bottom Line

Growing squash at home offers unique flavors, textures, and uses for the kitchen. Gardeners can enjoy a productive harvest by understanding the differences between the types of squash, preparing the soil, and caring for the plants with attention to watering, fertilizing, and pest management.

With the right climate, space, and care, squash can thrive in most home gardens. Explore Growcycle to learn more about the home growing squash varieties.

Disclaimer: This material is for informational purposes only and should not be relied on for legal, medical, financial, or any other form of professional advice.

About the Author

Victor Miller

Environmental Journalist Focused on Sustainable Agriculture

Victor Miller is an environmental journalist at Growcycle, specializing in sustainable agriculture. With a passion for storytelling, he highlights the latest trends, innovations, and practices that promote ecological balance and responsible farming.