Lavender: How to Grow and Harvest This Fragrant Perennial

People are growing plants to help the environment, clean the air, and improve well-being. Lavender is a special plant known for its pleasant scent and many uses. With its beautiful purple flowers and soothing fragrance, lavender has been grown and enjoyed in gardens, homes, and health remedies for centuries.

Lavender does not need much care, attracts helpful insects like bees, and keeps pests away. It is also useful for making essential oils, dried flower arrangements, and even food recipes, making it a great choice for any garden.

Growcycle's marketplace features a variety of pots and planters suitable for growing lavender. These containers are designed to provide adequate drainage and space, essential for the healthy growth of lavender plants.

Origin and History

Lavender (Lavandula) has been used for thousands of years and comes from the Mediterranean, the Middle East, and India. Ancient Egyptians used it in perfumes and for mummification, while Greeks and Romans added it to bathwater and medicine. The name Lavandula comes from the Latin word "lavare," meaning "to wash."

In the Middle Ages, people believed lavender could protect them from diseases like the plague, and it was often placed in homes and churches to keep away bad smells and insects. European royalty, including Queen Elizabeth I, loved using lavender for its fragrance and calming effects.

In the 19th and 20th centuries, lavender farming became popular, especially in France, which is still a leading producer today. Now, lavender is grown in many countries, including the United States and Bulgaria. It is widely used in aromatherapy, cosmetics, medicine, and cooking. Over time, lavender has remained a symbol of relaxation, cleanliness, and healing, making it a favorite plant for gardens and homes worldwide.

Botanical Description

Lavender is a hardy, aromatic, perennial shrub belonging to the Lamiaceae (mint) family. It is well known for its fragrant purple flowers and silvery-green foliage. Here is a detailed botanical description of the plant:

1. Scientific Classification

• Kingdom: Plantae
• Order: Lamiales
• Family: Lamiaceae
• Genus: Lavandula
• Species: Various species, with Lavandula angustifolia (English lavender) being the most well-known.

2. Growth Habit

• Lavender is a woody, evergreen, perennial shrub that typically grows 1-3 feet in height, depending on the variety.
• It has a bushy, upright, and branching growth form, with a compact shape in some species and a sprawling habit in others.

3. Leaves

• The leaves are narrow, elongated, and lance-shaped with smooth or slightly serrated edges.
• They are gray-green to silvery-green in color, with a fine covering of tiny hairs that give them a soft texture.
• The leaves are opposite in arrangement along the stems.

4. Flowers

• Lavender produces small, tubular flowers arranged in dense, spike-like clusters at the tips of long stems.
• Flowers are typically purple to violet, but some varieties may have pink, blue, or white flowers.
• The flowers are highly aromatic and rich in essential oils.
• Depending on the species and climate, blooming occurs from late spring to summer.

5. Roots

• Lavender has a fibrous root system with a well-developed taproot that helps it tolerate drought conditions.

6. Fruits and Seeds

• The fruit of lavender is a small nutlet that contains seeds, but propagation is more commonly done through cuttings or layering.

Popular Types of Lavender

Lavender comes in various species and cultivars, each with unique characteristics suited for different climates and uses. Here are some of the most popular types:

How to Grow Lavender in a Garden

Growing lavender is easy, as it needs little care once established. Whether used for its pretty flowers, to keep pests away, or to make oils, lavender is a great addition to any garden. Here are the factors to grow this beautiful plant in the garden:

Assess the Environment

Lavenders need specific care to grow well. They thrive in warm weather and should receive at least 6 to 8 hours of direct sunlight each day. Lavender does best in temperatures between 60°F and 80°F (15°C and 27°C). It does not like humid conditions or too much rainfall, so it is better suited for drier climates.

For the soil, lavender needs well-drained soil. The best soil is sandy or loamy because it allows water to flow through easily. Lavender prefers slightly alkaline soil, with a pH between 6.5 and 7.5. It does not grow well in clay soil, as it holds too much moisture, which can cause the roots to rot.

Select the Right Variety for the Region

Different types of lavender grow best in different climates. Choosing the right variety is important for success:

• English lavender is the best choice because it can survive colder temperatures and is more winter-hardy.
• Spanish lavender or Lavandin hybrids are better in hot and humid regions because they can withstand the heat and humidity.
• French lavender and Portuguese lavender are perfect for dry areas because they are more drought-resistant and can survive with less water.

Essential Tools and Supplies

To grow lavender successfully, gardeners need a few basic tools:

• Hand trowel & gardening fork: Used for digging and preparing the soil.
• Pruning shears: Used to trim lavender plants and help them grow better.
• Soil pH tester: Helps check if the soil is at the right level of acidity or alkalinity.
• Compost & sand: Used to improve soil fertility and drainage.
• Mulch (gravel or straw): Helps keep moisture in the soil, prevents weeds, and protects the plant's roots.

Planning the Garden Space

Lavender needs a sunny spot in the garden to grow well. It should receive plenty of sunlight throughout the day. Lavender works well in raised garden beds, garden borders, or pots. The plants should be spaced 12 to 24 inches apart to allow for good air circulation, which helps prevent diseases.

The soil should be able to drain well. If the soil doesn’t drain well enough, growers can mix in sand or gravel to improve it. Lavender looks best when it is planted in neat rows or clusters for a more organized and attractive garden display.

Ideal Planting Time

Timing is important when planting lavender. Spring is the best time to plant lavender because the soil is warmer, which helps the plant’s roots grow quickly. In milder climates, lavender can also be planted in fall. However, it’s important to be careful in colder areas, as fall-planted lavender may be affected by cold weather before it has time to establish roots.

Planting Methods

Lavender can be planted in three different ways:

1. Growing lavender from seeds takes longer and can be more difficult, especially for beginners.
2. Cuttings are a good option because they grow into plants that are identical to the parent plant, but they need some time to grow roots.
3. Nursery transplants are the easiest and fastest method. Buying young lavender plants from a nursery ensures a higher chance of success because they are already started and ready to be planted.

Step-by-Step Planting Guide

• Start by removing weeds and loosening the soil with a gardening fork. If the soil does not drain well, mix in some sand or gravel to improve it. Use a soil pH tester to check if the soil is slightly alkaline. Add lime to adjust the pH level if the soil is too acidic.
• Dig holes that are twice as wide as the lavender plant’s root ball but not too deep. Space the plants 12 to 24 inches apart to give them enough room to grow and spread.
• Place the lavender plant in the hole and fill it with soil. Do not plant it too deep, as the crown (the point where the stem meets the roots) should be level with the soil surface.
• After planting, give the lavender a light watering. It does not need much water, so be sure not to overwater. Once established, lavender prefers dry soil.
• Place a layer of mulch (like gravel or straw) around the base of the plant to help keep moisture in the soil and prevent weeds.

Lavender Plants Care Guide

Once established in the garden, caring for lavender is easy. It is a low-maintenance plant that thrives with little attention. By following simple care guidelines, gardeners can ensure that their lavender stays healthy, blooms beautifully, and remains a fragrant addition to their space.

Watering

Lavender doesn’t need much water and prefers dry soil once it is established. Overwatering is a common mistake, as lavender is sensitive to too much moisture, which can cause the roots to rot. Lavender should be watered deeply but infrequently, allowing the soil to dry out between waterings.

Signs of over-watering include yellowing leaves and a mushy stem, while under-watering can cause the plant to look wilted or have dry, crispy leaves. During dry periods, lavender may need more water, but it’s better to water deeply once or twice a week than to water lightly every day.

Pruning Techniques

Pruning is important for keeping lavender healthy and promoting bushy growth. The best time to prune lavender is after the plant has finished blooming, typically in late summer or early fall. To prune lavender:

• Use sharp pruning shears to remove spent flowers and any dead or damaged growth.
• Cut back the plant by about one-third to encourage fresh growth. Avoid cutting too far into the woody stems, which can harm the plant.
• Regular pruning prevents lavender from becoming too woody and ensures it stays compact and full. To achieve a bushier shape, trim the plant lightly in early spring before new growth begins.

Fertilizing and Soil Management

This plant can thrive in poor to moderately fertile soil, so it doesn't need heavy fertilizing. Over-fertilizing can lead to weak, leggy growth and fewer flowers. Organic or natural fertilizers are the best options, as they are gentler on the plant.

• Compost is a good choice for adding nutrients without overloading the plant.
• If the soil is too acidic, lime can be added to help balance the pH.
• Lavender should be fertilized in early spring, just before new growth starts. To retain moisture and keep weeds away, mulch around the base of the plant with gravel or straw.

Pest and Disease Management

Lavender is a hardy plant but can still face a few issues. The most common problems include:

• Fungal diseases: If lavender is kept too moist, it can develop fungal infections like powdery mildew. To prevent this, ensure the plant has good air circulation and is not overwatered. If powdery mildew appears, an organic fungicide or a baking soda solution (1 tablespoon of baking soda in 1 gallon of water) can help treat it.
• Pests: Lavender is generally pest-resistant but can sometimes attract spider mites, aphids, or whiteflies. A strong jet of water from a hose can wash these pests away. An organic insecticidal soap or neem oil can be used for a more serious infestation.

Harvesting Lavender

Lavender is ready to harvest when the flowers are fully bloomed, but not all flowers are fully open. Look for these signs:

• Color: The flowers should be vibrant purple. The blooms at the top of the stalk should still be in bud form, while the lower flowers will be fully open.
• Fragrance: Lavender should have a strong, pleasant fragrance when it’s ready to harvest. The aroma is most intense just before it begins to fade.
• Timing: The best time to harvest lavender is usually in the morning after the dew has dried but before the sun gets too hot, as this preserves the oils and fragrance.

Harvesting Techniques

To harvest lavender properly, using the right tools and methods is important. This ensures a clean cut and helps the plant stay healthy for the next season:

• Tools: Cut the stems using sharp pruning shears or a clean garden knife. Avoid using dull tools, as they can damage the plant.
• Method: Cut the lavender stalks just above the leaves or woody part of the plant. Leave enough of the plant so it can continue to grow and produce more flowers. If you’re harvesting for bundles, cut several stems together, leaving about 2–3 inches of stem above the leaves.

Drying and Storing Lavender

Once lavender is harvested, it needs to be dried to preserve its fragrance and quality. Here’s how to do it:

• Drying Bundles: Gather 5 to 10 stems together and tie them into small bundles with string or twine. Hang them upside down in a cool, dry place with good air circulation, such as a shed or closet. Avoid direct sunlight, as this can cause the flowers to fade.
• Drying Time: Lavender usually takes about 2 weeks to fully dry. Check for dryness by gently touching the flowers; they are ready to harvest if they feel crumbly.
• Storing: Once dried, store lavender in an airtight container or a sealed glass jar to preserve the aroma. Keep the container in a cool, dark place to prevent the fragrance from fading. If stored properly, dried lavender can last for several months.

Maximizing Lavender’s Uses Post-Harvest

After harvesting and drying lavender, there are many ways to enjoy and use it:

• Essential Oils: Lavender can be used to make essential lavender oil by steam distillation or infusing it with carrier oil. This oil can be used for aromatherapy, massage, or added to bath products.
• Potpourri: Dried lavender makes a great addition to potpourri. Simply add it to a mix of other dried flowers and herbs for a pleasant scent around the home.
• Culinary Delights: Lavender can be used in cooking to add flavor to dishes like cookies, cakes, and jams. However, not all types of lavender are safe to eat.
• Crafts and Decor: Lavender stems can be used to make wreaths, garlands, or flower arrangements. The dried flowers also work well in sachets for closets or drawers.

FAQs

How do you harvest lavender for scent?

Harvest lavender when the flowers are in full bloom but before they fully open. Use sharp pruning shears to cut the stems just above the leaves in the morning. Hang the bundles upside down in a cool, dry place to preserve the fragrance.

How to make lavender more fragrant?

To make lavender more fragrant, ensure it gets plenty of sunlight (6-8 hours daily) and is grown in well-drained, slightly alkaline soil. Regular pruning also helps the plant produce more aromatic oils.

What is the most fragrant lavender to grow?

English and French lavender are the most fragrant varieties. English lavender is especially known for its strong, sweet scent.

The Bottom Line

Lavender is a versatile and low-maintenance perennial that adds beauty and fragrance to gardens and offers a range of practical uses. From its rich history as a symbol of relaxation and cleanliness to its current popularity in essential oils, culinary uses, and even pest control, lavender is a valuable addition to any garden. With proper care, lavender can thrive in various climates and provide years of enjoyment. Explore Growcycle to learn more about the best growing perennial plants for a healthy garden.

Disclaimer: This material is for informational purposes only and should not be relied on for legal, medical, financial, or any other form of professional advice.

About the Author

Victor Miller

Environmental Journalist Focused on Sustainable Agriculture

Victor Miller is an environmental journalist at Growcycle, specializing in sustainable agriculture. With a passion for storytelling, he highlights the latest trends, innovations, and practices that promote ecological balance and responsible farming.