What is cypermethrin? A guide to this powerful insecticide

Pests have always been a nuisance to farms and homes. They can harm crops and therefore influence food supplies, and pests like ants, cockroaches and fleas can invade homes. As a result of these problems, new effective techniques to manage pests are continuously required.

One of these is cypermethrin, a widely used and highly potent pesticide in pest management. Cypermethrin is a synthetic chemical part of the pyrethroid family, and its structure is similar to strychnine; it mimics pyrethrins which naturally occur in the Chrysanthemum genus. It is applied to crops to protect against insects, treat livestock and domestic animals for parasites, and to control pests such as mosquitoes and black flies.

What Is Cypermethrin?

Cypermethrin is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide. It is formulated to manage many pests by attacking the central nervous system. Unlike natural insecticides, cypermethrin is synthetic and formulated to be more stable and effective at repelling pests for extended periods. It is extensively used in the fields of agriculture, veterinary medicine, and household pesticides. 

Chemical Composition

The molecular formula of cypermethrin is C20H22ClN3O3. It is composed of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), chlorine (Cl), and oxygen (O). Cypermethrin acts as a neurotoxin in insects.

With its nervous system disrupted upon contact, the insect becomes paralyzed and eventually dies. It does this by disrupting the proper functioning of sodium channels in the nerves, so that the nerves don’t shut off properly, ultimately overstimulating and paralyzing the insect.

History

Cypermethrin was formulated in the 1970s by the Ciba-Geigy Company (now Novartis). It was launched as a potent synthetic insecticide that lasted longer than natural pyrethrins. Since then, it has been widely used as an insecticide, particularly in agriculture for the protection of a broad spectrum of crops from pests.

In recent years, it has also become available in products for domestic use, such as sprays and baits, increasing its usage for professional and amateur purposes.

Common Uses of Cypermethrin

Cypermethrin is a broad spectrum insecticide and has a role in pest management. Here is how it is used in the most common ways:

Agricultural Applications

Cypermethrin is an insecticide widely used in agriculture to control pests attacking many types of crops. Farmers need such insecticides because it is effective in managing bugs. Some of the most common usages in agriculture are:

• Wheat: Protects against aphids, beetles, and other pests that affect grain production.
• Oilseed Rape: They help protect plants by keeping harmful insects such as aphids and caterpillars under control.
• Vegetables and Fruits: Prevents pests such as weevils, aphids, and caterpillars from damaging crops and reducing yields.

Veterinary Use

Cypermethrin is additionally used in veterinary medicine to prevent and control external parasites of livestock. Common treatments include:

• Cattle: Protects against ticks, lice, and mites.
• Sheep and Poultry: Prevents infestation by fleas, ticks, and other external pests.

These treatments are necessary to keep livestock strong and healthy, free from damaging pests which could harm their health or even the way they perform.

Household Products

Cypermethrin for home pest control is a common active ingredient found in many commercial pest control products, used to help manage indoor pest problems while being presented in such a manner as to be readily accepted indoors. Such products include, for example:

• Insect sprays, for ants, cockroaches and other household pests.
• Flea treatments for pets.
• Ant baits to help control indoor infestations.

Public and Commercial Buildings

Cypermethrin has also been used in public and commercial buildings as a deterrent to insects on a large scale. Common applications include:

• Offices, Hotels, and Warehouses: Used to control pests such as ants, flies, and rodents.
• Schools and Hospitals: Ensures that pests do not disrupt daily operations or pose a health risk.

In these environments, there is usage of cypermethrin-containing products in spray, bait and trap applications to control pest infestation, and keep the environment clean and free of pests.

TOP 5 Cypermethrin Insecticides

Cypermethrin-containing insecticides are extensively employed to control pests in different environments such as household and agricultural. Below are 5 of the best cypermethrin products available at Growcycle, each one for different categories of pests, but all effective.

1. Harris 16oz Roach & Ant Killer Cypermethrin

The Harris 16 oz Roach & Ant Killer is an insecticide in a 16 oz aerosol spray with an easily attachable spray wand that provides indoor pest control. It works great on all kinds of bugs like roaches, ants, spiders and fleas. This product has no smell, dries clear and clean and is safe to use on sensitive areas in the house.

It offers residual control on non-porous surfaces of up to 10 months to give the clients long-lasting protection. It is EPA registered and may be safely used in all 50 states. It’s especially good for hitting pests hiding in the cracks and crevices.

2. GardenTech 16oz Sevin Insect Killer Zeta-Cypermethrin

The GardenTech 16oz Sevin Insect Killer Zeta-Cypermethrin Concentrate is a liquid concentrate created to serve outdoor pest control needs. It can be used on vegetables, fruit trees, ornamentals, shrubs, flowers and is effective against more than 500 insects. It works on contact and lasts 3 months.

Containing 0.35% Zeta-Cypermethrin, this is an outdoor-use ant killer that also works on other pests. A little goes a long way, as 4 ounces covers as much as 2,000 sq ft.

3. GardenTech 11.5lb Over 'n Out! Advanced Fire Ant Killer

For those dealing with fire ants, the GardenTech Over 'n Out! Advanced Fire Ant Killer is a must-have. This product is offered in 11.5lb granules and provides fast control of fire ant mounds. It kills the queen in 24 hours, so relief comes quickly.

The product begins working within 15 minutes and gives 6 months of control. This could cover up to 5000 sq ft and is suitable for large lawns and landscaped areas.

4. Ortho 32oz RTS Home Defense Mosquito & Bug

The Ortho 32oz RTS Home Defense Mosquito & Bug Killer is a ready-to-spray hose end product, which requires no mixing or measuring for outdoor home use. It kills a broad range of pests, including mosquitoes, ticks, fleas, and over 200 other insects.

This repellent offers protection for a maximum of 3 months and begins work within minutes of application. It has both Bifenthrin (0.3%) and Zeta-Cypermethrin (0.075%) as its active ingredients so it can be used to kill a wide range of insects. It can cover up to 5,300 sq ft making it ideal for larger spaces like gardens, yards and patios.

5. Martin's 1oz Viper Insecticide Concentrate

The 1oz Martin's Viper Insecticide Concentrate is a multi-use insecticide that can be used both indoors and outdoors. It’s formulated to kill a variety of pests, like roaches, ants, spiders, fleas and ticks. It offers control for up to 5 years with residual action.

 It’s easily applied, and a little bit of that concentrate goes a long way, so it’s a very cost-effective method.

How Cypermethrin Works

Cypermethrin acts upon the nerve cells in the nervous system of pests, causing repetitive discharges of the nerves, thus leading to the death of insect or its larvae. It acts as a neurotoxin, interfering with sodium channels that transmit nerve impulses. Here’s how it works:

• When insects encounter cypermethrin, it attaches to their nerve cells’ sodium channels.
• This attachment inhibits the channels from shutting, which in turn ensures that a constant stream of sodium ions enters the receiving cell.
• The nervous system becomes over-excitable and triggers paralysis and death in the insect.

This contact is extremely lethal for the insects, because it interferes with the nerve function that is vital to them and they immediately cease to feed, move and reproduce.

How to Apply Cypermethrin Spray

Cypermethrin spray is a good way to get rid of pests in the home as well as the garden. Here’s a step-by-step guide to make sure you are applying it safely and effectively:

1. Read the Label

Always read the label for the cypermethrin product for specific dilution, application and safety instructions before applying any product. The label will also include information regarding the pests and the areas that may be targeted.

2. Prepare the Solution

Combine the cypermethrin solution if using a concentrate according to the manufacturer instructions on the label. This typically involves:

• Mix the appropriate amount of cypermethrin concentrate in the water. The label will say on the label how much (e.g., 10-20 ml per liter of water, against the pest and size of the area).
• Shake the solution well to evenly distribute the insecticide.

3. Wear Protective Gear

Always use personal protective equipment when handling the insecticide. This includes:

• Gloves
• Safety goggles
• Long-sleeved clothing
• Mask (to avoid inhaling the spray)

4. Spray the Affected Areas

For indoor use, apply the solution to surfaces where pests have been observed, including baseboards, window sills, and cracks and crevices. For cockroaches or ants, focus on their trails or nests. Do not spray on surfaces that may come in contact with food.

In the outdoors, spray on plants, trees and soil where pests are active. Make sure to thoroughly spray the tops and the bottoms of the leaves and the soil surrounding the base of the plants. Be careful when around beneficial insects including bees.

5. Apply Evenly

Apply evenly sprayer if possible, so that the solution applies to infested areas. Do not saturate to the point of runoff. The application may be repeated in 2-3 days if needed for severe infestation.

6. Allow Time to Dry

Wait until the treated area is fully dry before letting people or pets back in. It means the spray is reaching its target and landing as intended, with minimal risk of exposure.

7. Clean Up

Clean equipment (sprayer, gloves, etc) as directed with soap and water after use to avoid contamination.

8. Reapply if Necessary

Depending on the severity of the infestation and the residual activity of the cypermethrin, it may be necessary to reapply the spray every 7 to 14 days. Always check the effectiveness and follow the guidelines on the label for reapplication timing.

Is Cypermethrin the Right Solution for the Pest Problem?

Cypermethrin is a good insecticide but whether it is the right one for any particular pest problem depends on a number of things. The following are some key considerations to assist in the evaluation of whether the use of cypermethrin is the best option:

1. Type of Pest

Cypermethrin is active against a broad range of insects, including:

• Agricultural Pests: Aphids, caterpillars, beetles, and weevils.
• Household Pests: Cockroaches, ants, fleas, and ticks.
• Livestock Parasites: Ticks, lice, and mites.

If the pest problem involves one of these common pests, cypermethrin is a powerful tool for control.

2. Severity of the Infestation

The degree of infestation has a large influence on the performance of cypermethrin:

• For Small to Moderate Infestations: Products containing Cypermethrin give the best results and provide the longest protection, rapidly reducing the number of insects.
• For Severe Infestations: Cypermethrin is effective against heavy infestations, but multiple treatments or other pest control measures may be needed depending on the extent.

3. Environment

The following points should be taken into account when considering the environment in which cypermethrin is applied:

• Indoors: Cypermethrin will control most indoor pests, but use in areas where food is prepared with caution. Adequate ventilation must be maintained during use.
• Outdoors: Cypermethrin for garden insects is appropriate although it does harm beneficial insects, including bees and earthworms. It’s best not to spray it onto blooming plants or in areas where pollinators are present.

4. Environmental Impact

Cypermethrin and all chemical pesticides come with environmental damage:

• Toxicity to Non-Target Organisms: While deadly to pests, cypermethrin can also be toxic to other animals, specifically aquatic organisms and bees. However, if you're using it near a water source or in an area with pollinators, be mindful of its impact on bees.
• Sustainability: If looking for non-toxic pest control solutions, there are better alternatives to cypermethrin for sustainable pest control.

5. Safety and Health Considerations

This can be harmful to humans if not used properly. It is important to adhere to cypermethrin insecticide safety when using the cypermethrin-based insecticide such as wearing protective clothing and avoiding pets or children until the sprayed area is dry. Animals, especially cats may be more susceptible to cypermethrin. It should be used sparingly in areas where pets are present.

The Bottom Line

Cypermethrin is a powerful and commonly used insecticide for controlling many common household pests like ants and cockroaches. It controls insects on crops, livestock, and in commercial and residential structures. But there are several factors to take into account, such as the type of pest, the scope of the infestation, and the potential threat to health and the environment before determining the use of cypermethrin.

For people who want to buy cypermethrin products, Growcycle provides a range of cypermethrin insecticides that are the right product for various pest situations.

Disclaimer: This material is for informational purposes only and should not be relied on for legal, medical, financial, or any other form of professional advice.

About the Author

Victor Miller

Environmental Journalist Focused on Sustainable Agriculture

Victor Miller is an environmental journalist at Growcycle, specializing in sustainable agriculture. With a passion for storytelling, he highlights the latest trends, innovations, and practices that promote ecological balance and responsible farming.