Blanket flower (Gaillardia): Bright, long-lasting blooms for your garden

One of the things many gardeners struggle with is plants that hold their colors all season and are easy to look after. Some flowers bloom beautifully but only for a week or two; others require much water and care. Some plants may not grow well in hot and dry areas, so finding the right ones to have in the garden may be a little tricky. So, it can be hard to pick a vigorous, hardy plant that grows in many conditions.

A great choice is a Blanket Flower (Gaillardia). This sunny and cheerful perennial has red, yellow, and orange blooms from late spring to fall. Unlike many other flowers, it continues to bloom for weeks without constant deadheading. It is also attractive to bees, butterflies, and hummingbirds, making it an excellent selection for a pollinator-friendly garden.

Growcycle is an online marketplace that connects gardeners with the best gardening products, including perennial Blanket Flowers, to maximize their growing experience. 

Origin and History

The Blanket Flower is a flowering plant native to North and South America. It was described in the 18th century, either in 1763 or 1791 (the sources are unclear), and named in honor of Gaillard de Charentonneau, a French botanist and magistrate known for favoring the botanical sciences as deserving of support from government funds. The name “Blanket Flower” derives from its resemblance to the colorful woven blankets traditionally constructed by Native American tribes.

Gaillardia has been a popular garden plant for centuries, valued for its hardiness, long flowering period, and capability to endure poor soil. Eventually, numerous species and hybrids were bred, and the plant became highly desirable worldwide among gardeners. It can grow wild in wildflower meadows, roadside plantings, and drought-tolerant landscapes.

Botanical Description

The Blanket Flower (Gaillardia) is a herbaceous perennial (sometimes annual) from the Asteraceae family. It has bright and daisy-like flowers, and it thrives in harsh situations.

1. Scientific Classification

• Kingdom: Plantae
• Order: Asterales
• Family: Asteraceae
• Genus: Gaillardia
• Common Name: Blanket Flower

2. Growth Habit

• Usually reaches a height of 12–24 inches (30–60 cm) and a spread of 12–18 inches (30–45 cm).
• It makes a compact, bushy mound with many flowering stems.

3. Leaves

• Shape: Lance-shaped to oval, narrow, often lobed or toothed.
• Color: Green to grayish-green.
• Texture: A little fuzzy, rough to the touch.

4. Flowers

• Size: Big, 2–4 inches (5–10 cm) in diameter.
• Colors: They are usually red, orange, or yellow with a dark center. Some hybrids are solid yellow or burgundy.
• Shape: Like a daisy with a raised disk in the center and daisy-like petals surrounding it.
• Blooming Period: Spring to autumn in a series, giving a long show of color.

5. Roots and Stems

• Roots: A complex, fibrous root system develops, potentially allowing drought tolerance.
• Stems: Thin, erect, and slightly hairy, branching to support multiple blooms.

6. Fruit and Seeds

• When ripe, they release small, dry fruits (achenes) covered in bristles that help them disperse via wind.
• It self-seeds readily but is not invasive.

Perennial Varieties of Blanket Flower

Most species of blanket flowers are perennial and will come back yearly with minimal attention. These varieties are long-blooming, drought-tolerant, and attract pollinators. Some of the best perennial Gaillardia varieties are:

Growing Conditions & Ideal Environment

Blanket Flower is another robust, low-maintenance perennial that thrives in sunny, dry conditions. California landscaping is practical for gardens to endure hot summers, dry soil, and ample drought. Here are the essential aspects that ensure the particular plant grows healthily and lasts long in its bloom:

1. Sunlight Requirements

• Gaillardia prefers full sun, which means at least 6–8 hours of direct sunlight daily.
• With more sunlight, you get stronger stems, brighter flowers, and more significant blooms throughout the season.
• The plant can get leggy (tall and floppy) in partial shade and produce fewer flowers.

2. Soil Preferences

• Blanket Flowers require well-draining soil to prevent root rot.
• Sandy or loamy soil is ideal, as it allows water to drain quickly.
• Gaillardia tolerates poor, rocky, or dry soil but performs poorly in heavy clay or wet conditions.
• Improve poor soil structure by mixing in organic matter such as compost, but too much fertilizer can cause plants to become weaker with fewer flowers.

3. Climate and Hardiness Zones

• Gaillardia is suitable for USDA Hardiness Zones 3–10, which accommodates various climates.
• Significantly heat- and drought-tolerant, it is ideal for xeriscaping (low-water gardens).
• However, too much humidity can lead to fungal diseases such as powdery mildew or root rot, especially in areas with poor air circulation.
• In colder areas (Zones 3–5), one might apply mulch in winter to protect the roots, but the plant often self-seeds so that it comes back on its own.

4. Companion Planting

Blanket Flower looks friendly with other full-sun, drought-tolerant plants with similar cultural conditions. Good companions include some of the following plants:

• Echinacea (Coneflower): Pollinators love both and do great in dry.
• Coreopsis: It also blooms around the same time and has bright flowers that go well with Gaillardia.
• Black-Eyed Susan (Rudbeckia): Provides contrast with yellow flowers and similar care requirements.
• Lavender: Drought-tolerant and smells nice.
• Salvia: Easy-care perennial that brings in pollinators and blooms for a long time.
• Sedum (Stonecrop): Succeeds in dry soil and provides an architectonic accent in the garden.
• Russian Sage: Adds height and a misty purple background to the hot colors of Gaillardia.

How to Plant Blanket Flower (Gaillardia)

Gaillardia can quickly grow from seeds, cuttings, or division. It thrives when directly seeded in the ground but can also be started indoors for an earlier bloom period. Planting directly helps create healthy plants with long-lasting blooms.

1. Growing from Seeds

Indoor seed is starting to produce earlier blooms and sturdier plants. Sow seeds 6–8 weeks before the last frost date in a light, well-draining seed-starting mix to do this. The seeds require light to germinate, so they should be pressed lightly onto the soil surface rather than covered. They germinate best in soil temperatures of 65–75°F (18–24°C), and the soil should remain evenly moist but not sodden. Seeds generally burst at the seams to germinate in 10–20 days, given the right conditions.

If sowing directly outdoors, do so after the last frost date and when the soil is warm, at least 60°F (15°C). Sprinkle the seeds over the soil surface, then press down gently and keep the area moist until seedlings sprout. Baby plants should be thinned to 12–18 inches apart as they hit the 2–3 inch mark for good airflow and growth.

2. Transplanting Seedlings

Seedlings should be hardened off first indoors before they are moved outdoors. This is done by slowly introducing tan outdoor conditions over 7–10 days. Begin by putting the seedlings outdoors in a shaded spot for a few hours daily, gradually increasing their time in the sun. Watering slightly less at this time allows them to grow stronger roots.

When they’re ready, transplant them into well-drained soil in a sunny spot, 12–18 inches apart. Adequate spacing allows for good airflow and prevents crowding, which can promote disease. Water lightly after planting to establish roots, but do not overwater; Gaillardia likes dry to moderately moist soil.

3. Propagation Methods

They can also be propagated by division or cuttings, which keeps plants healthy and spreads the garden.

i) Dividing Mature Plants (Best for Older Perennials)

Dividing mature plants every 2–3 years prevents overcrowding and keeps the plants vigorous. It is likely best performed early in spring or fall when the plant isn’t blooming. To divide a plant:

1. Dig up the entire plant carefully.
2. Use a sharp knife or spade to split the root ball into sections (each with healthy roots and shoots).
3. Replant the divisions at least 12 inches apart and water them lightly.

ii) Growing from Cuttings

Cuttings allow faster growth and ensure plants retain their parent traits.

1. In spring or early summer, select a 3–4 inch stem from a healthy plant to propagate by cuttings. 
2. Remove the lower leaves and dip the cut end in rooting hormone.
3. Place the cutting in moist, well-draining soil or perlite.
4. Keep in a warm, bright area (not direct sunlight) and mist regularly.
5. Roots should develop in 2–3 weeks, after which the cutting can be transplanted outdoors.

Caring for Blanket Flower (Gaillardia)

Blanket Flowers are low-care and drought-tolerant, performing well with little attention. They will grow vigorously, bloom continuously, and protect themselves from pests and diseases with proper care.

Watering Needs

Gaillardia enjoys dry to moderately moist soil and does not need daily watering. It is highly drought-tolerant and ideal for hot, arid climates or xeriscape gardens. Water regularly until young plants have established their roots, but keep watering to a minimum once they’re mature. Too much moisture or poorly drained soil may cause root rot, harm, or kill the plant.

Fertilization

One of the great things about growing Blanket Flowers is that they thrive in poor soil, with little to no feeding. Too much fertilizer can result in weak, leggy growth and fewer flowers. However, a light application of compost or a balanced, slow-release fertilizer (like 10-10-10) in early spring is generally sufficient to promote healthy blooms. If the soil is especially nutrient-poor, a second feeding mid-season can ensure continuous flowering.

Pruning and Deadheading

Regular deadheading (removing flower heads once spent) promotes continuous blooming throughout the growing season. Blanket Flowers are self-clearing and, as such, will drop their petals on their own, but removing old blooms encourages the plant to redirect energy toward producing new flowers rather than burning energy on setting seeds. It also eliminates the self-seeding and the uncontrollable spread of Blanket Flowers.

When the plant becomes leggy or overgrown, cutting back stems by one-third in midsummer ensures a more compact, bushy form. Some cut plants should be cut a few inches above the ground in late fall to aid overwintering while leaving some seed heads intact to provide food for birds. 

Pest and Disease Management

Blanket Flowers are relatively pest and disease-resistant, though problems can occur, particularly in humid conditions.

• Some aphids may swarm on stems and leaves, sucking plant juices and stunting new growth. They can be managed by spraying the plant with a strong water jet or insecticidal soap.
• Fungal diseases like powdery mildew and leaf spot can develop in excessive wetness or humidity. Plants should be planted in well-drained soil to prevent this disease, provide good air circulation, and avoid overhead watering.
• Root rot is the most critical problem, which occurs when plants remain on wet, heavy earth for too long. Well-drained soil is essential to avoid this, and infected plants should be destroyed to limit the spread of disease.

Benefits of Growing Gaillardia

There are many good reasons to grow Gaillardia:

• Pollinator-Friendly: Its nectar-laden flowers draw in bees, butterflies, and hummingbirds, promoting pollinator population and ecosystem health.
• Drought and Heat Tolerant: It grows well in hot, dry climates with little watering, making it ideal for low-water landscapes and xeriscaping.
• Low Maintenance: Grows well in poor soil, requires little fertilization, and is resistant to most pests and diseases, making it ideal for beginners and busy gardeners.
• Long Blooming Season: This plant blasts hot red, yellow, and orange blooms from late spring through fall, offering months of color with little effort.
• Erosion Control: Deep roots stabilize sandy or dry soils and prevent erosion on slopes, hillsides, and disturbed areas.
• Self-Seeding Perennial: Self-Seeding Perennial: Self-seeds readily and returns season after season, minimizing replanting.
• Deer and Rabbit Resistant: It is less attractive to deer and rabbits, making keeping a healthy garden free of pests easier.
• Adds Year-Round Beauty: In mild climates, its semi-evergreen leaves add texture and greenery even when the plant isn’t in bloom.
• Adaptable to Various Soils: Sandy, rocky, and poor soils are no problem for this versatile plant, making it an excellent pick for challenging areas.
• Great for Cut Flowers: Bright, long-lasting blooms look beautiful as cut flowers indoors.

FAQs

Where do blanket flowers grow best?

Blanket Flowers prefer bright sunlight and well-drained soil. They thrive in USDA Hardiness Zones 3–10, coping with hot, dry climates but not with extreme humidity or poorly drained clay soils.

What season do Gaillardia bloom?

Gaillardia flowers from late spring to fall, giving you months of continuous color. In warmer climates with adequate conditions, it may even bloom year-round.

What is the blanket flower used for?

Blanket Flower is mainly utilized in Landscaping, Pollinator gardens, and erosion control. It is also used in wildflower meadows, borders, rock gardens, and container planting because of its bright colors and low maintenance.

The Bottom Line

The Blanket Flower (Gaillardia) is a beautiful perennial that is wonderful for any garden as it has long-lasting blooms and requires little maintenance. Its brilliant red, yellow, and orange flowers liven up any garden and draw in bees, butterflies, and hummingbirds. Those wishing for a resilient and colorful plant to beautify their garden should look closer at the Blanket Flower. With good planting and a little pampering, it’ll bloom all spring to fall, adding to the beauty of any outdoor area. Visit Growcycle for more on the best perennials in the garden.

Disclaimer: This material is for informational purposes only and should not be relied on for legal, medical, financial, or any other form of professional advice.

About the Author

Victor Miller

Environmental Journalist Focused on Sustainable Agriculture

Victor Miller is an environmental journalist at Growcycle, specializing in sustainable agriculture. With a passion for storytelling, he highlights the latest trends, innovations, and practices that promote ecological balance and responsible farming.